Which step is not part of the 4-step process flow for data processing?

The step of publishing data to external users is not part of the standard 4-step process flow for data processing. The recognized process typically involves acquiring data, transforming that data for analysis, and then reporting on it.

Acquiring data is the first crucial step, as it involves gathering raw data from various sources. Transforming the data follows, where it is cleaned, formatted, and organized to prepare for analysis. Reporting then takes place, which involves visualizing and disseminating the processed data for stakeholders to make informed decisions.

Publishing data, while an important aspect of data dissemination, occurs outside the core data processing workflow, making it an external activity rather than a foundational step in the data processing cycle.